Tariki ya 14 na 15 Nyakanga 2024, mu Rwanda hateganyijwe amatora ya Perezida wa Repubulika yakomatanyirijwe hamwe n’amatora y’abadepite.
Ni amatora yakomatanyijwe kubera impamvu zirimo; guhuza amatora ya Perezida n’ay’abadepite kuko bafite manda zingana ‘imyaka itanu’, kugabanya ingengo y’imari yagendaga ku matora no guhuza amatora y’u Rwanda n’ayo mu bindi bihugu ruhuriye nabyo mu miryango mpuzamahanga.
Uyu mwaka uteganyijwemo amatora ni umwaka wa 30 nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.
Mu gushaka kumenya amateka y’amatora mu Rwanda n’imiterere yayo ndetse no kugereranya amatora yo mu gihe cya mbere ya Jenoside na nyuma yayo, ICK News yaganiriye na bamwe mu basobanukiwe iby’amatora yo mu Rwanda.
Bwana Rutsibuka Innocent, inararibonye mu by’amateka akaba n’Umwarimu mu Ishuri rikuru Gatolika rya Kabgayi (ICK) agaragaza ko nyuma y’iyimikwa ry’amashyaka menshi mu 1959 hakavuka amwe mu mashyaka nka PARMEHUTU (Parti du Mouvement de l’Emancipation Hutu), RADER (Rassemblement Democratique Rwandais), APROSOMA (Association pour la Promotion Sociale de la Masse) na UNAR (Union Nationale Rwandaise) aribwo hateguwe bwa mbere amatora haherewe ku bajyanama b’amakomini, abo bajyanama akaba aribo bagombaga gutora burugumesitiri nk’umuyobozi uzayobora komini nyuma y’ivanwaho ry’ibyitwaga Cheferies na Sous Cheferies nk’inzego z’imiyoborere mu gihe cy’ubwami.
Icyo gihe Ishyaka rya PARMEHUTU niryo ryabashije gutsinda amatora ku kigero cya 70.4%, hakurikiraho ishyaka rya APROSOMA rya Joseph Gitera ryashoboye gutsinda ku kigero cya 7.4%, RADER itsinda ku kigero cya 6.6% na UNAR yabonye amajwi angana na 1.7% cyane ko byavugwaga ko ari ishyaka rishyigikiye ubwami n’abatutsi.
Tariki ya 28 Mutarama 1961, nibwo habaye icyiswe ‘Coup d’etat y’i Gitarama’ kuko abajyanama b’amakomini yose n’ababurugumesitiri b’amakomini bangana 2873 muri 3125 bari batumiwe baza I Gitarama. Iyo nama rero niyo yemeje k’umugaragaro ko u Bwami buvanyweho mu Rwanda. Repubulika irashingwa ndetse n’ibendera riragaragazwa.
Rutsibuka avuga ko tariki ya 25 Nzeri 1961 aribwo habaye itora kamarampaka kugira ngo hagaragazwe icyo abaturage batekereza ku ivanwaho ry’ubwami mu Rwanda. Ati “Icyo gihe rero abaturage batoye ko ubwami buvaho. Icyo gihe kandi kuri iyo tariki hanabaye itora ry’abadepite bagize inteko ishinga amategeko ku buryo bwari n’ubwa mbere mu Rwanda abagore bemerewe gutora.”
Aya matora y’abadepite yo muri 1961 yagaragaje ubwiganze bukomeye bwa PARMEHUTU yatsinze amatora ku kigero cya 77.7% ibona intebe 35 mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko, UNAR igira amajwi 16.8% ibona intebe 7 mu gihe APROSOMA yagize amajwi 3.5% ihabwa intebe 2.
Aba badepite nibo batoye Perezida wa Repubulika amajwi ahabwa Kayibanda Gregoire wo mu ishyaka rya MDR wemejwe tariki 26 Ukwakira 1961 uyu akaba yarayoboye igihugu kugeza mu 1973 ubwo yahirikwaga na Maj Gen. Habyarimana Juvenal.
Kanamugire Charles ushinzwe Amatora mu karere ka Muhanga yasobanuye imiterere y’ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana Juvenal n’uko yazanye sisiteme y’iringaniza ku butegetsi.
Ati “Byatangiye ari amashyaka menshi ariko birangira hasigaye ishyaka rimwe rya Parmehutu kuko bamwe mu Banyarwanda bari barahunze kubera gutotezwa hashingiwe ku moko.”
Bwana Kanamugire akomeza avuga ko mu mwaka w’ 1973 itsinda ry’abasirikari bo mu gice cy’amajyaruguru bihuje bahirika ubutegetsi bwa Kayibanda bituma ishyaka rya MDR PARMEHUTU ricecekeshwa ahubwo Perezida Habyarimana ashinga ishyaka rimwe rukumbi rya MRND.
Ati “Icyo gihe amatora yabagaho ku ngoma ya Habyarimana ariko abaturage bose bari bategetswe gutora Habyarimana 100%”
Mu mwaka wa 1990 habaye inama yahuje u Bufaransa n’ibihugu by’Afurika. Senateri Charles UYISENGA yemeza ko iyi nama ari yo yatumye tariki ya 10 kamena 1991 Perezida Habyarimana yemera ko igihugu cyongera kugendera kuri politiki y’amashyaka menshi
Kuva Habyarimana yava ku butegetsi ahanuwe mu ndege muri 1994, amatora yongeye gukorwa muri 2003 aribwo hatorwaga Itegeko Nshinga ko iryakoreshwaga ryari ryaratowe mu 1978.
Iri tegeko kandi ryaje kuvugururwa mu mwaka wa 2015 hagamijwe guhindura imyaka igize manda za Perezida wa Repubulika.
Hashingiwe ku kuba yarayoboye ingabo zari iza RPA zahagaritse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 no kuba yaragaragaje uruhare rukomeye mu kongera kubaka u Rwanda haherewe ku busa, Perezida Paul Kagame yagaragaje gukundwa n’abaturage ku buryo mu matora yose yagiye aba ‘muri 2003, 2010, 2017’ Perezida Kagame yagiye atsinda hejuru y’ajwi 90%.
Tariki ya 25 Kanama 2003, nibwo habaye amatora ya mbere ya Perezida wa Repubulika aho hahatanaga abakandinda bane; Paul Kagame wari watanzwe na FPR Inkotanyi, Faustin Twagiramungu nk’Umukandida wigenga, Jean Népomuscène Nayinzira nawe nk’umukandida wigenga na Alvera Mukabaramba watanzwe n’ishyaka rya PCC nubwo yaje kwikura mu matora agasaba abari kuzamutora kuzatora umukandi wa FPR Inkotanyi.
Abanyarwanda batoye icyo gihe bari hafi miliyoni enye. ibyavuye mu matora byatangajwe tariki ya 26 Kanama 2003 aho Paul Kagame yatsinze ku majwi 95.1%, akurikirwa na Faustin Twagiramungu wagize amajwi 3.6% naho Jean-Nepomuscene Nayinzira agira 1.3%. Ibyavuye mu matora nibyo byatumye Perezida Paul Kagame atangira manda ye ya mbere y’imyaka 7, tariki ya 12 Nzeri 2003.
Amatora ya kabiri yo guhitamo umukuru w’igihugu yabaye tariki ya 9 Kanama 2010 mu gihugu imbere.
Harimo abakandinda bane; Paul Kagame wa FPR Inkotanyi, Dr Jean Damascene Ntawukuriryayo watanzwe na PSD, Dr Prosper Higiro watanzwe na PL na Dr Alvera Mukabaramba watanzwe na PPC. Tariki ya 17 Kanama 2010, nibwo Komisiyo y’igihugu y’amatora yatangaje ko Paul Kagame yatsinze agize amajwi 93.08% akurikirwa na Dr Jean Damascene Ntawukuriryayo wagize amajwi 5.15%, akurikirwa na Dr Prosper Higiro wagize 1.37 % naho Dr Alvera Mukabaramba agira amajwi 0.40%. Perezida Paul Kagame yarahiriye kongera kuyobora u Rwanda mu myaka 7 tariki ya 6 Nzeri 2010.
Mu mwaka wa 2017, Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’amatora yatangaje ko Abanyarwanda mu gihugu imbere batoye ari miliyoni 6,769,514 kuri 6,897,096 bari kuri listi y’itora, n’abandi 39,709 batoreye mu mahanga, ku barenga 44,000 bari kuri lisiti.
Perezida wa Komisiyo y’Amatora, Prof Kalisa Mbanda yavuze ko Perezida Kagame yatorewe kongera kuyobora u Rwanda agize amajwi 98,8%. Yakurikiwe na Mpayimana Philippe wagize 0.73%, naho Habineza Frank atorwa n’abangana na 0.48%.
Ibyavuye muri ayo matora nibyo byatumye tariki ya 18 Kanama 2017, kuri Stade Amahoro aribwo Perezida Paul Kagame yarahiriye inshingano zo kuyobora u Rwanda kuri manda ye ya Gatatu, Indahiro yakiriwe na Sam Rugege wari Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga.
Kuri ubu, abakandida batatu nibo bahataniye umwanya wa Perezida wa Repubulika, abo ni Paul Kagame wa FPR Inkotanyi, Frank Habineza w’Ishyaka riharanira Demokarasi no kurengera ibidukikije na Philippe Mpayimana wiyamamaje nk’umukandida wigenga.
Biteganyijwe ko ku wa 15 Nyakanga 2024 aribwo Abanyarwanda bari imbere mu gihugu bazatora Perezida wa Repubulika n’Abadepite 53 baturuka mu mitwe ya Politiki n’abigenga.
Ku wa Kabiri tariki ya 16 Nyakanga ho hazaba amatora y’ibyiciro byihariye birimo Abadepite 24 bahagararira abagore, babiri bahagararira urubyiruko ndetse n’umwe uhagararira abantu bafite ubumuga.
Kuri ubu Abakandida depite 589 ni bo bahatanira imyanya 80 mu kwinjira mu Nteko ishinga amategeko y’u Rwanda muri manda y’imyaka itanu.
NEC yemeza ko ibyavuye mu matora bizatangazwa by’agateganyo bitarenze tariki ya 20 Nyakanga mu gihe ku buryo bwa burundu bizatangazwa bitarenze tariki ya 27 Nyakanga 2024.