Itsinda ry’abahoze ari abayobozi n’inzobere mu bijyanye n’ikirere bavuga ko ibiganiro ngarukamwaka by’umuryango w’abibumbye, COP bitagihuye n’intego kandi ko bikeneye kuvugururwa byihutirwa.
Ni ibikubiye mu ibaruwa yashyizweho umukono n’abarimo uwahoze ari umunyamabanga mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye (UN), Ban Ki-Moon, uwahoze ari umuyobozi w’ishami rya UN ryita ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere, Christiana Figueres, n’uwahoze ari perezida wa Irlande, Mary Robinson.
Nubwo abanditsi b’iyi baruwa bemera ibikomeje kugerwaho, bavuga ko uburyo busanzwe bwa COP butagishoboye gutanga ibisubizo byihuse ku bibazo bikomeje kwiyongera by’iyangirika ry’ikirere.
Bati “Imiterere ya COP yonyine, ntishobora guhindura impinduka ku muvuduko no kukigero gikenewe kugira ngo dufashe isi kugera ku buryo burambye bwo gutunganya ikirere cyiza ku bantu.”
Izi nararibonye n’impuguke zanditse uru rwandiko mu gihe abayobozi n’abahagarariye ibihugu bigera kuri 200 bateraniye i Baku muri Azerbaijan aho bitabiriye COP29.
Intego y’ibanze nshya y’ibi bihugu biteraniye muri Azerbaijan ni ukwemeranya amafaranga agomba gutangwa kugira ngo afashe ibihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Nubwo bimeze gutya ariko, abanditse iyi baruwa bavuga ko indi mpamvu yatumye basohora iyo nyandiko ishingiye ku mpungenge zikomeye ku bihugu bitoranywa ngo byakire inama za COP kuko ngo hashidikanywa ku bushobozi n’ubushake byabyo mu kurwanya ubwiyongere bw’ubushyuhe ku isi.
Azerbaijan yakurikiranye n’ikindi gihugu gikomeye ku musaruro wa peteroli, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abarabu, yakiriye inama ya COP umwaka ushize muri Dubai.
Bavuga kandi ko ibihugu byakira inama za COP “bikwiye kugaragaza ubushake buri hejuru bwo kubahiriza intego z’amasezerano y’i Paris.”
Mbere gato y’uko inama y’i Baku itangira, inyandiko y’ibanga yashyizwe ahagaragara, igaragaza ikiganiro cyakozwe n’umuyobozi mukuru w’ikipe yateguye inama ya COP29 muri Azerbaijan, Elnur Soltanov, avuga ku “mahirwe yo gushora imari” muri sosiyete ya leta ya petoroli na gaze, ibigaragaza ubushake buke bw’ibihugu byakira COP mu kurwanya ihumana ry’ikirere.
Mu ntangiriro za COP29, Perezida wa Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, yasobanuye ibya gaze igihugu cyohereza mu mahanga mu gihe cya vuba aha, ndetse n’imishinga yo kongera umusaruro wacyo ku kigero cya kimwe cya gatatu mu myaka icumi iri imbere.
Yabwiye abari aho i Baku ati: “Ni impano y’Imana.”
Yakomeje agira ati: “Umutungo kamere wose yaba peteroli, gaze, umuyaga, izuba, zahabu, ifeza, umuringa, byose ni umutungo kamere”.
“Kandi ibihugu ntibigomba kuryozwa kuba biwufite ndetse ntibigomba kuryozwa kuwushyira ku isoko kuko isoko rirawukeneye, abaturage barawukeneye.”
Izi naranibonye n’impuguke zikomeza zisaba ko habaho inama za COP ntoya kandi zihoraho, aho buri gihugu kiba gifite inshingano zikomeye ku byo cyemeye gukora.
Umuryango w’abibumbye (UN) nturagira icyo uvuga ku bitangazwa n’izi nararibonye.
Mu nama ya COP28 y’umwaka ushize yabereye i Dubai, ibihugu byose byemeye “kuvana ibicanwa bikomoka kuri peteroli muri sisitemu y’ingufu.”
Igitangaje ni uko nyuma y’amezi 12 ibyuka bihumanya ikirere byakomeje kwiyongera, kuko byiyongereyeho hejuru ya 1%.
Abashakashatsi bavuga ko ibi byuka bikwiye kugabanywa ku gipimo cya 42% mbere y’uko iki kinyacumi kirangira, kugira ngo hirindwe izamuka ry’ubushyuhe ku isi burenze dogere 1.5°C, igipimo gishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye kurusha ibyo tubona muri iki gihe.
Ikoreshwa rya peteroli na gaze ni ibintu nyamukuru bitera ubwiyongere bw’ubushyuhe ku isi, kuko birekura ibyuka byinshi nka dioxyde de carbone iyo bitwitswe.
Bivugwa ko ibiganiro ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere by’umuryango w’abibumbye (COP) byateye intambwe igaragara mu myaka yashize, n’ubwo bisaba ubwumvikane bwuzuye hagati y’ibihugu hafi 200 kugira ngo bifate ingamba zihuriweho.
Amasezerano y’ikirere ya Paris yashyizweho umukono muri 2015, agaragaza gahunda ndende yo kugabanya ubushyuhe ku isi, aho ibihugu byiyemeje gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo izamuka ry’ubushyuhe ritazarenza 1.5°C muri iki kinyejana.
Ibihugu byemeye kandi guhindura uburyo bw’imikoreshereze y’ingufu, hifuzwa kuva ku ngufu z’ibikomoka kuri peteroli, ahubwo hakongerwa inshuro eshatu ingufu zisubira nibura muri 2030.