Leta z’ibihugu bitandukanye hirya no hino ku isi, zikomeje guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihidagurikire y’ikirere muri iki gihe kubera ibiza bidasiba kwibasira isi.
Uhereye ku nkubi z’umuyaga, umwuzure, ubushyuhe bukabije, umubare w’ibi biza wabaye mwinshi muri uyu mwaka wa 2024, bigira ingaruka ku bantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni kandi byangiza ubukungu bubarirwa mu mamiliyali y’amadorari y’amerika.
Ukwezi gushize kwa Nzeri konyine kwaranzwe n’ibiza bikomeye byahungabanyije ibihugu bitandukanye byo hirya no hino ku migabane yose.
Muri ibyo biza biheruka, harimo nk’umwuzure n’inkangu byishe abantu bagera ku 193 mu gihugu cya Nepal giherereye mu majyepfo ya Asia, umwuzure uheruka guca ibintu muri bimwe mu bihugu byo ku Mugabane w’Iburayi, inkubi y’umuyaga Helene yishe abarenga 64 ndetse ikangiza byinshi muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, incubi y’umuyaga wa hurricane kandi imaze guhitana abagera kuri 16 muri Amerika, inkubi y’umuyaga Bebinca yatigishishe Umujyi wa Shanghai mu Bushinwa utera benshi kuva mu byabo ndetse n’ibindi.
Ibyo byose biri kugira ingaruka ku kiremwa muntu n’ibindi binyabuzima bihazaharira.
Mu Rwanda, Minisiteri ishinzwe ibikorwa by’ubutabazi, MINEMA, yatangaje ko kuva umwaka wa 2024 watangira kugeza muri Gicurasi, u Rwanda rwari rumaze kwibasirwa n’ibiza inshuro 288 zitandukanye, byahitanye abantu 49 naho abagera kuri 79 babikomerekeramo. Byanangije kandi ibikorwaremezo bitandukanye birimo imihanda, ibiraro n’ibindi.
Muri Kanama 2024, Ikigo gishinzwe iteganyagihe ‘Meteo Rwanda’, cyasohoye iteganyagihe ryo guhera mu kwezi kwa Nzeri kugeza mu Ukuboza 2024. Iki kigo ku bufatanye na Minisiteri y’ibidukikije, Minisiteri ishinzwe ibikorwa by’ubutabazi (MINEMA), ndetse n’ikigo gishinzwe ubuhinzi n’ubworezi (RAB) bigira inama ibigo bya Leta, imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta, abikorera ndetse n’abaturage muri rusange kwita kuri iri teganyagihe no kurikoresha mu gutegura gahunda zabo.
Iri teganyagihe rigaragaza ko hazabaho inkuba, umuyaga mwinshi, urubura, ibihe byumye cyane cyane mu turere dukunze kwibasirwa n’amapfa ndetse n’imvura nyinshi izatuma habaho isuri ku misozi ihanamye ndetse no kuzura kw’imigezi.
Muri rusange ku isi yose, raporo yashyinzwe ahagaragara na ‘International Development Charity Christian Aid’ ivuga ko Ibiza byatewe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere byangirije ibifite agaciro kabarirwa muri miliyari 41 z’amadolari ya America mu mezi 6 ya mbere ya 2024.
Ni n’amezi kandi yari ashize habayeho inama ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere (COP28) yabereye muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Abarabu.
Iyi raporo kandi ivuga ko kuva COP28 ibaye, nta ntambwe ihagije yatewe yo kuva ku ngufu zangiriza ikirere cyangwa ngo haterwe inkunga ibihugu bikennye kugira ngo bihangane n’ibiza bitewe n’iyi mihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Raporo ya Christian Aid igaragaza ko mu biza bine bifitanye isano n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, byaranze aya mezi atandatu ya nyuma y’inama ya COP28 byahitanye ubuzima bw’abantu barenga 2500 hu isi hose.
Muri Mutarama, Igihugu cya Brazil cyibasiwe n’umwuzure wahitanye nibura abantu 169 kandi wangije ibibarirwa muri miliyari 7 z’amadolari y’Amerika.
Mu majyepfo no mu majyepfo y’uburengerazuba bwa Azia, umwuzure wahitanye abarenga 214 kandi wangiza ibifite agaciro ka miliyoni 850 z’amadolari y’amerika.
Ubushyuhe bukabije bwibasiye uburengerazuba, amajyepfo, n’amajyepfo y’uburasirazuba bwa Azia muri Mata bwahitanye abantu barenga 1500 mu gihugu cya Myanmar honyine.
Umwuzure kandi waturutse ku nkubi y’umuyaga mu burasirazuba bwa Afurika wahitanye abantu 559 mu bihugu bya Kenya, Ethiopia, Burundi, Tanzania, Somalia, na Uganda mu meza atandatu ya mbere ya 2024.
Uretse abantu bakomeje gusiga ubuzima muri ibi biza, Raporo isobanura uburyo imihindagurikire y’ikirere imaze kugira ingaruka ku mibereho yose.
Iyi myuzure n’ubushyuhe bukabije byahungabanije uburezi bw’abana, ndetse byatumye bigora benshi kwikura mu bukene. Byangije byinshi ku bihingwa n’amatungo, bituma habaho inzara hamwe na hamwe, ahandi amafaranga ata agaciro. Ubushyuhe bukabije n’umwuzure byiyongereye ku bibazo bihari by’impunzi ndetse n’intambara mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, ndetse byanateje ibibazo n’ibindi bitandukanye.
Christian Aid ivuga ko igisubizo cy’ibibazo gisobanutse kuko ngo hakenewe ko za guverinoma n’amabanki y’iterambere bigomba guhagarika ishoramari rishya muri peteroli, nyiramugengeri na gaze kuko aribyo bitera ibiza, ahubwo bagashora imari mu ngufu zisubira kuko zo zitangiriza ikirere.
Mariana Paoli, umunya-Brazil ushinzwe ubuvugizi muri Christian Aid, yagize ati “Ntidushobora gukiza inkongi z’umuriro zatewe n’ikibazo cy’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu gihe dukomeje gutwika petoroli.”
Yakomeje agira ati “Dukeneye ko ibihugu bikize bitanga inkunga nyinshi mu bikorwa byo guhangana n’ikibazo cy’ibiza kuko ari byo bifite uruhare runini mu guteza ikibazo cyimihindagurikire y’ikirere. Bakeneye kwerekana ubushake bwa politiki mu guhangana n’ingaruka z’ibiza zikomoka ku iyangirika ry’ikirere. Tugomba guhagarika umwenda ibihugu bikennye bifitiye ibikize, ahubwo tukareba niba ayo mafaranga yakoreshwa mu guhangana n’ibiza muri ibyo bihugu bikennye, kugira ngo buri wese arindwe.”
Inzobere mu bidukikije ndetse n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere zisobanura uburyo zibona ibiza byibasiye isi muri uyu mwaka ndetse n’ingamba zikwiye gufatwa kugira ngo isi ihangane n’ingaruka zikomoka kuri iyi mihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Fiona Nunan, umwarimu mu by’Ibidukikije n’Iterambere muri Kaminuza ya Birmingham, mu gihugu cy’Ubwonereza agira ati “Uyu mwaka twabonye imiryango ku isi ihura n’ibibazo kubera imvura nyinshi, inkubi z’umuyaga zikomeye ndetse n’ubushyuhe bukabije. Twabonye abantu ndetse n’ubukungu bw’ibihugu bihazaharira. Iyi mihindagurikire y’ikirere izakomeza kubaho, keretse isi nifata ingamba zihutirwa zo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Ibi biza bigaragaza ko hakenewe amafaranga menshi yo kugira ngo imiryango y’abantu ihore yiteguye ku biza byayibasira.”
Ku rundi ruhande, Prof. Joanna Haigh wahoze ari Umuyobozi wungirije w’ikigo Grantham muri Imperial College, i Londre mu Bwongereza we avuga ko imihindagurikire y’ikirere iri kugaragaza ingaruka zikomeye ku isi uyu mwaka.
Ati “Iyi miyaga, imvura nyinshi n’inkubi z’umuyaga bizakomeza kuba bibi mu gihe tutazagabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere vuba. Inkuru nziza ni uko hari byinshi guverinoma zishobora gukora kugira ngo zihutishe ihinduka ry’ingufu zangiriza ikirere zikimukira ku ngufu zitacyangiriza. Ibyo bizatuma dutera intambwe mu nzira itekanye.”
Akomeza agira ati “Mu gihe ibihugu bihanganye n’ibi bibazo, biragaragara ko ishoramari mu gutegura ibiza, guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, ndetse n’imikorere irambye ari ngombwa cyane kuruta mbere hose. Hakenewe ubufatanye mpuzamahanga n’ingamba zifatika zo gukemura ibibazo, kubera ko abaturage ku isi hose bahura n’akazi katoroshye ko gukira ingaruka mbi z’ibiza biterwa n’ikirere.”
Ibiza byo mu mwaka wa 2024 bigaragaza neza uburyo ibyago biterwa n’ikirere byiyongera mu buryo bwihuse kandi bukomeye ku isi. Ingano y’amage yatewe n’imyuzure, ubushyuhe bwinshi, inkangu, amapfa n’ibindi biza ibarirwa muri miliyari 75 z’amadorari y’Amerika, iyi mibare ikaba itagaragaza igihombo cy’ubukungu gusa ahubwo inagaragaza akababaro gakomeye abantu bafite gaterwa n’ibiza.
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