Ubwo yari mu birori byo kwishimira ibyo Ishuri rikuru Gatolika rya Kabgayi (ICK) ryagezeho mu myaka ibiri ishize birimo n’Ikinyamakuru gikorera kuri murandasi ‘ICK News’, Umuyobozi w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Itangazamakuru (RBA) ari na we uyobora Urwego rw’Abanyamakuru Rwigenzura, Bwana Barore Cleophas yasabye abanyeshuri biga itangazamakuru muri ICK kwicara ku mukoro wo gushaka icyakorwa ngo itangazamakuru ricuruze ariko rikozwe kinyamwuga.
Mu magambo ye yagize ati “batwigisha itangazamakuru, batubwiraga ko inshingano zaryo ari eshatu; kwigisha, kujijura no gufasha abantu kwidagadura none rero ubu hiyongereye n’iya 4 yo gukorera amafaranga. Ese mugeze hehe ICK News muyibyaza amafaranga?”
Icyo gihe Barore yakomeje asaba abanyeshuri biga itangazamakuru muri ICK gutekereza uko babona amafaranga binyuze mu nkuru bakora ariko nanone badahonyoye amahame agenga itangazamakuru n’uburere mbonezabupfura.
Ati “Impamvu mvuga ko hazazamo ikibazo cya ‘Ethics’ ni uko ibirimo guhesha abantu amafaranga hano hanze muri uyu mwuga, ibyinshi byafashe umurongo utajyanye n’amahame y’umwuga. Barimo gukora ibiganiro bidafite uburere mbonezabupfura ngo kubera ko bigurisha! Ubwo mukiri ku ntebe y’ishuri rero, mujye mufata umwanya mubijyemo impaka muturebere ko imbere aha dushobora kubona itangazamakuru n’isakazamakuru ritishe uburere mbonezabupfura ariko rikanacuruza.”
Mu gushaka igisubuzo kuri uwo mukoro ‘ICK News’ yaganiriye na bamwe mu banyamakuru, abayobozi b’ibitangazamakuru ndetse n’abigisha itangazamakuru muri kaminuza hano mu Rwanda bagaragaza ibibura n’ibikeneye kuvugururwa no kongerwamo imbaraga kugira ngo itangazamakuru rikozwe kinyamwuga ritazamirwa n’itangazamakuru rikorwa na buri wese ‘Citizen Journalism’
Icyuho mu burere: Impamvu y’igifatwa nko gukora itangazamakuru ridafite uburere mbonezabupfura
Muri iyi si y’ikoranabuhanga n’imbuga nkoranyambaga, benshi bakunze kugaragaza ko muri iki gihe kugira ngo itangazamakuru ricuruze bisaba gutangaza byacitse, karabaye n’ibindi bitarimo uburere mbonezabupfura ngo kuko ari byo bicuruza.
Ibi bigarukwaho n’Umuyobozi wa Ijari News, Madamu Dusabe Marie Speciose uvuga ko kuri we asanga abantu basigaye bakunda byacitse na karabaye bikaba intandaro ituma bamwe mu banyamakuru cyane cyane abo ku mbuga nkoranyambaga bahugira mu gutangaza ayo makuru cyane ko ngo ariyo acuruza akanakurikirwa cyane.
Ati “Muri iki gihe usanga kenshi umunyamakuru asigaye ahembwa n’ibyo yakoze cyane cyane ku mbuga nkoranyambaga ku buryo nsanga ari yo mpamvu bamwe muri bagenzi bacu bagana inzira zo gutangaza ibihabanye n’uburere mbonezabupfura kugira ngo bacuruze.”
Ku rundi ruhande, ibi bifatwa nk’icyuho mu burere gituma abantu bashaka gucuruza itangazamakuru babona aho bamenera.
Ni ibigarukwaho na Hakuzwumuremyi Joseph uyobora Ikinyamakuru UMURYANGO uvuga ko bimwe mu bishobora gufatwa nko gutangaza ibihabanye n’uburere mbonezabupfura, ari nk’icyuho kiri mu burezi bwo mu mashuri no mu miryango kuko ahanini hari ibitavugwa ku buryo abantu basigaye barabonye icyo cyuho bakakinyuramo kugira ngo bacuruze.
Ati “Haba mu mashuri no mu miryango ntabwo abantu bashobora gutinyuka kuganira ku buzima bw’imyororokere cyane cyane ibirebana n’ibitsina. iyo bigeze aho ngaho, buri umwe arahunga, buri umwe aba umwere, ntawe ubwiza undi ukuri. Niba umugore atabwira umwana we w’umukobwa uko imibonano mpuzabitsina ikorwa n’ingaruka zayo n’uko yakwirinda, icyo gihe ku mbuga nkoranyambaga hazaza umuntu wigisha ibyo umwana atakuye mu rugo ari byo bizatuma abandi banyamakuru bagera ubwo bavuga ngo ni ibishegu, nyamara hari benshi arimo kwigisha kandi batigeze bagira ahandi babibona. Uko bamukurikira rero, azarushaho gucuruza.”
Abanyamakuru bakeneye kongera ubuhanga
Ku kijyanye n’icyakorwa ngo itangazamakuru rikozwe kinyamwuga ricuruze kandi ritangije uburere mbonezabupfura, Hakuzwumuremyi asobanura ko abanyamakuru bakeneye kongera ubuhanga mu gutara no gutangaza amakuru kugira ngo bakurikirwe.
Kuri we, uburyo abanyamakuru babonamo amakuru buracyagoye bitewe n’ubuhanga bw’abafite amakuru ariko badashaka kuyatanga ndetse rimwe na rimwe bikanaterwa n’ubumenyi buke bw’abayaka kubera ko kenshi umunyamakuru ajya kwaka umuntu amakuru kandi mu by’ukuri adasobanukiwe n’ibyo uwo muntu akora, ngo wenda niba agiye gushaka amakuru y’ubutabera abe asobanukiwe amategeko.
Ati: “Uburyo mubonamo amakuru buracyagoye, cyane cyane ku buhanga bw’abayafite ariko badashaka kuyatanga n’ubumenyi buke bw’abayaka kuko ntabwo wakwaka umuntu amakuru kandi udasobanukiwe n’ibyo akora.”
Ibyo kuba abanyamakuru bakeneye kuzamura urwego rw’ubuhanga n’ubumenyi mu byo bakora kugira ngo itangazamakuru ricuruze bigarukwaho na Hategekimana Jean Baptiste uyobora Ishami ry’Itangazamakuru n’Itumanaho mu Ishuri rikuru Gatolika rya Kabgayi.
Hategekimana agira ati “Abanyamakuru bakwiye kuba abanyamwuga bakubaha amahame y’itangazamakuru uko ari atanu ariyo; gutangaza amakuru yuzuye kandi y’ukuri, kutabogama, ubwigenge, ubumuntu no kwirengera ibyo ukora. Nibikorwa gutya kandi bigakoranwa ubushishozi, abantu bazabona amakuru bakeneye ndetse n’itangazamakuru rizacuruza.”
Amashuri yigisha itangazamakuru akeneye kugira ibyo ahindura mu nteganyanyigisho
Ku gikwiye gukorwa n’amashuri yigisha itangazamakuru kugira ngo abanyamakuru bayasohokemo babe bafite ubushobozi bwo gutara no gutangaza amakuru ashobora gucuruza, Bwana Hakuzwumuremyi asanga hakenewe amavugurura mu nteganyanyigisho igenewe abiga itangazamakuru muri kaminuza.
Ati “Kuri ubu, amashuri yigisha itangazamakuru mu buryo rusange ku buryo biteza icyuho cy’uko usanga umunyeshuri arangiza icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu itangazamakuru ari umunyamakuru rusange.”
“Bitewe n’aho isi igeze, ubu ni uguha abantu amakuru arimo ubuhanga kuko n’ubundi ibyabaye byo baba babizi. Niba ugiye kubwira abantu amakuru y’ubutabera ukaba nibura usobanukiwe amategeko. Nidukora inkuru z’ubwenge kandi zigatangazwa n’abanyabwenge, icyo gihe itangazamakuru rizacuruza.”
Akomeza avuga ko ibyo byagerwaho ari uko na gahunda z’imyigishirize y’itangazamakuru muri za kaminuza zihindutse, umunyamakuru akajya yiga itangazamakuru ariko aniga ubumenyi bw’ibyo atangaza.
Nubwo Hakuzwumuremyi abivuga gutya, abigisha Itangazamakuru siko babibona kuko bo bavuga ko hari amwe mu masomo ashobora gufasha abanyeshuri kugira igice bibonamo, hanyuma guhitamo icyo umuntu azakora mu itangazamakuru mu buryo bwihariye bigakorwa umunyeshuri ageze mu cyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza.
Ibi bigarukwaho na Dr. Mutwarasibo Faustin uyobora Ishami ry’Itangazamakuru muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda ugira ati “Mu cyiciro cya mbere n’icya kabiri cya Kaminuza mu ishami ry’itangazamakuru, biga itangazamakuru rusange, ahubwo agashami k’umwihariko umunyeshuri agahitamo ageze muri ‘Masters’.”
Hategekimana Jean Baptiste uyobora Ishami ry’Itangazamakuru n’itumanaho mu Ishuri rikuru Gatolika rya Kabgayi (ICK) avuga ko atari ngombwa kugira umwihariko w’itangazamakuru ugitangira kwiga ko ahubwo icyiza ari ukubanza kwiga ubumenyi rusange mu itangazamakuru hanyuma igice cy’umwihariko kikaza mu cyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza.
Ati: “Mu cyiciro cya mbere n’icya kabiri cya kaminuza, umunyeshuri aba agomba kumenya ibintu byose bijyanye n’itangazamakuru kuko ntabwo wagira umwihariko mu bintu utazi.”
Bwana Rushingabigwi Jean Bosco, Umuyobozi w’Ishami rishinzwe guhuza ibikorwa by’itangazamakuru mu Kigo cy’Igihugu cy’Imiyoborere (RGB) nawe yemeza ko hakenewe abanyamakuru bakora inkuru zihariye kuko bigaragara ko ari bake.
Avuga ko abo banyamakuru bashobora kuboneka mu buryo bubiri ari bwo; kuba uwize itangazamakuru ashobobora guhitamo gukora itangazamakuru ryihariye mu gice runaka kugira ngo yigire mu mwuga, cyangwa se kuba uwize ibindi byihariye yahitamo kwihugura mu itangazamakuru akaba ari we ukora iryo tangazamakuru.
Nubwo yemeza ko bikenewe, ariko agaragaza ko hakiri imbogamizi zishingiye ku kibazo cy’ubushobozi buke bw’ibitangazamakuru bikoresha umunyamakuru mu bice binyuranye by’ubuzima.
Ati “Hari igihe ugera ku isoko ugasanga igitangazamakuru kiragukoresha byose, ugatara inkuru z’ubutabera, kwa muganga ukajyayo n’ahandi, byose kubera impamvu z’ubushobozi buke bw’ibitangazamakuru.”
Leta irateganya iki ku bibazo bikomeje kugaragara mu itangazamakuru
Bwana Rushingabigwi yahamije ko nabo babona ibibazo bikomeje kugaragara mu itangazamakuru ndetse ko bafite gahunda yo kugira icyo babikoraho haherewe by’umwihariko mu mashuri yigisha itangazamakuru.
Bwana Rushingabigwi avuga ko haherewe kuri politiki y’Itangazamakuru iri hafi gusohoka, inzego zishinzwe itangazamakuru ziteganya gukora ibintu binyuranye birimo; Kwicarana n’amashuri yigisha itangazamakuru bakaganira ku guhuza integanyanyigisho n’igihe isi igezemo, kuganira n’abafite amashuri yigisha itangazamakuru ku byifuzo by’abafite ibitangazamakuru, kuganira n’abafatanyabikorwa ku buryo bashobora gufasha itangazamakuru haherewe mu mashuri yigisha itangazamakuru n’ibindi.
Ku bijyanye no kuganira n’amashuri yigisha itangazamakuru, Bwana Rushingabigwi yagize ati “Turateganya kuganira n’amashuri yigisha itangazamakuru kugira ngo turebere hamwe niba ubumenyi buri gutangwa bugihagije ngo bukemure ibibazo biri ku isoko. Dukeneye kumenya; Ese ibyo twize mu myaka 30 ishize nibyo byagakwiye kuba bigikoreshwa muri iyi si y’ikoranabuhanga n’ubwenge buhangano? Ese umunyeshuri arajya ku isoko amenye gufata amashusho n’amafoto neza? Amenye gutara inkuru neza? n’ibindi.”
Bwana Rushingabigwi avuga ko kugira ngo ibyo babimenye bizashingirwa ku kureba integanyanyigisho zihari, umwanya abanyeshuri bahabwa ngo bashyire mu ngiro ibyo biga, kureba niba ibikoresho byo gufasha umunyeshuri kuzasohoka afite ubumenyi n’ubumenyingiro bihari n’ibindi.
Asoza agira inama abakiri bato mu mwuga kwiga guhanga udushya mu byo bakora kugira ngo bacuruze.
Ibi yabisobanuye yifashishije ingero z’abanyamakuru banyuranye bazwi cyane kuri ‘YouTube’ kandi bakora itangazamakuru ritangije uburere mbonezabupfura n’urugero rw’uwitwa Ngabo Karegeya wazamuye ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku nka mu Bigogwe.
Ati “Abantu baravuga ngo abantu bakunda byacitse, bakunda abambaye ubusa [….} ariko nkababwira nti: Ni inde wari uziko umuntu witwa Ngabo Karegeya mu Bigogwe azahahindura igitangaza abantu bakava muri Amerika, Ubudage […] baje kuhareba. Ariko umusore yavuye muri ‘graduation’ yambika inyana ingofero, asangira n’inyana ikigori, abatiza inka Pamela none ubu ntawe utazi Bigogwe.”
Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Leta y’u Rwanda ndetse n’abafatanyabikorwa mu burezi, nyuma y’isesengura basanze ari ngombwa ko batangira no kubaka igihugu mu mpande zose bishingiye ku bumenyi bw’ibyo abantu bakora. Ari naho havuyemo umwanzuro wo gukomeza itangazamakuru rishingiye ku bumenyi maze hashyirwaho ishami ry’itangazamakuru muri Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda. Iyi kaminuza yari ifite inshingano zo kurema umunyamakuru w’Umwuga uzakora itangazamakuru yize ndetse hanagamijwe kwirinda ko uko itangazamakuru ryitwaye mbere no mu gihe cya Jenoside bitazasubira.
Nyuma gato, muri 2002 Diyosezi ya Kabgayi nayo yatangije Kaminuza (ICK) ndetse mu mashami yatangiranye harimo itangazamakuru mu rwego rwo gukomeza intego yo kubaka umunyamakuru ushoboye kandi ukora kinyamwuga.
Kugeza ubu, mu Rwanda hari kaminuza eshanu zigisha amasomo ajyanye n’itangazamakuru n’itumanazo. Izo kaminuza ni Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, Ishuri Gatolika ya Kabgayi, Mount Kigali University, Univeristy of Kigali na East African University Rwanda.
Si amashuri gusa yiyongereye kuko n’ibitangazamakuru byiyongereye cyane, ndetse bigafata indi ntera mu myaka ya vuba nyuma y’aho murandasi n’imbuga nkoranyambaga byadukiye.
Raporo y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Imiyoborere mu Rwanda yo muri 2021 yagaragazaga ko ibinyamakuru bikorera kuri murandasi mu Rwanda byari 100 ariko ibyiyandikishije muri RURA nk’ibitangazamakuru byari 24 gusa.
Iyi raporo yanagaragazaga ko kugera muri Kamena 2021, abanyamakuru bari bafite ikarita y’umwuga itangwa n’Urwego rw’Abanyamakuru bigenzura (RMC) ari 853.
Mu Kinyarwanda baravuga ngo ‘Umwana apfa mu iterura, igiti kigororwa kikiri gito’, sinzi niba itangazamakuru ry’u Rwanda rikiri rito, gusa harageze ko abafite ibitangazamakuru, abashinzwe politiki y’itangazamakuru, amashuri yigisha itangazamakuru n’abandi bose bireba bicara bagaha umurongo uhamye itangazamakuru ryo muri iki gihe kugira ngo ubunyamwuga busigasirwe kandi n’abarikora batungwe naryo batangije amahame agenga umwuga.